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12:1 Yeast permeates dough until it is entirely leavened. Leaven became a symbol for the permeating power of sin (Exod 12:14-20; 1 Cor 5:6). Like yeast, the hypocrisy of the Pharisees would spread until it affected all the people.
12:10 The Holy Spirit draws people to God. One who blasphemes the Holy Spirit rejects his testimony about Jesus and so rejects God. This is the unpardonable sin (see study notes on Matt 12:31-32).
12:11-12 brought to trial: Jesus predicted persecution from Jews in the synagogues and from Gentile rulers and authorities. Paul and other apostles faced both kinds of persecution throughout Acts.
12:13 tell my brother to divide our father’s estate: In Judaism, the oldest son received a double portion of the inheritance (Deut 21:17) and was responsible for dividing up the rest after his father’s death. This younger brother wanted his share of the estate (cp. Luke 15:11-32).
exodus 12:14-20
exodus 20:17
exodus 27:20-21
leviticus 11:15
leviticus 24:2
numbers 15:22-26
deuteronomy 4:24
deuteronomy 5:21