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14:1 Herod Antipas’s official title was tetrarch (ruler of a fourth part of a kingdom) of Galilee and Perea (4 BC—AD 39; see 2:19-22). Jesus referred to Antipas as “that fox” (Luke 13:32), and John the Baptist justly condemned him for adultery (Matt 14:3-12; Luke 3:19-20).
14:13-21 Jesus’ actions consistently fulfilled Old Testament promises regarding the Kingdom and the Messiah (11:5-6; 12:28). Here Jesus evoked the memory of God’s provision of manna for the Israelites (Exod 16; see John 6:32), demonstrating that he is the promised end-time prophet (see Deut 18:15-16).
14:2 There was a rumor that John had been resurrected (see 16:14).
14:21 5,000 men . . . in addition to all the women and children: The count was of families, denoted by heads of households, rather than individuals.
exodus 3:14
exodus 16:1-36
leviticus 18:6
leviticus 20:21
deuteronomy 18:15-16
job 9:8
psalms 8:6
psalms 77:19