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12:10-11 Joiakim probably served in the early years of Ezra’s service. • Eliashib and Joiada served during Nehemiah’s time (3:1; 13:4, 28). • Johanan: An Aramaic papyrus document from a Jewish colony that settled in Elephantine, Egypt (about 410 BC) and Josephus (Antiquities 11.5.4, AD 93) both mention Johanan serving after Nehemiah’s time.
12:12-21 This list was probably compiled when Joiakim was high priest (12:12) to verify the legitimacy of the priests and Levites who were in office. Except for the omission of Hattush (see 12:2), this list contains the same names as 12:1-7.
12:1-26 These lists of priests and Levites include a list of those who originally returned from exile with Zerubabbel (12:1-9), a chronological list of high priests (12:10-11), and the priests and Levites who served at the time of Joiakim, the high priest at the time of Nehemiah and Ezra (12:12-26).
12:1-9 priests and Levites who returned with Zerubabbel . . . and Jeshua: See Ezra 1:1-5. Only those who could prove their priestly lineage could serve at the Temple, so it was important to maintain an accurate genealogical record of these families.
exodus 19:10
exodus 30:11-16
exodus 38:25-26
leviticus 1:1-19
leviticus 11:1-33
numbers 8:5-7
1 chronicles 2:54
1 chronicles 13:8